ويكيپيديا

واساخ:ليستة د لبلدان على حساب لمدة د لكوپيرايت

هادا واساخ ديال مقالة باقي خاصو يتراجع.
عاون عافاك ف لمراجعة ؤ تّطوير ديالو باش يولي صالح ل نّشر كا مقالة، ؤ حل مداكرة ف لپاج د لمداكرة معا لكتاتبيا لمعنيين. ملي تسالي، عافاك نقل تّيكست د لمقال ل لمجال سّمياتي رّئيسي، ؤ بدّل هاد لقالب ب موضيل:واساخ مراجع ؤ منشور.
يلا بان ليك هاد لمقال ماخاصوش يتّنشر، عافاك خدّم موضيل:واساخ د مقالة ترفضات.
يلا بغيتي تزيد تّعرف على سّياسة د لواساخ، شوف لحكام د لواساخ.


لكوپيرايت ؤلا حقوق النشر هوّ لحق ف لكوپياج و النشر ديال شي عامال محدد. لمصطلحات ديال "كوپي" و "نشر" مخدّمين هنا ف لمعنى لواسع ديالهوم. لمقصود بيهوم متلا لكوپياج بشكل إلكيطروني، الطرجامة، لمصاوبة ديال برنامج د التلفازة مبازي على لعامال، و تا لحطّان ديالو ف أنتيرنيت. جميع لإنتاجات لفنية و لأدابية لإبداعية لأصلية كاتكون عادةً محمية ب قوانين لكوپيرايت. هاد لقوانين كاتنطابق غير على لمنتوج، ماشي على لفكرة ف حد داتها (متلاً مايمكنش شي حد يسجل لفكرة ديال "لقصة د شي واحد كايطير ف السما و كايشوف الجنون" ف حد داتها، مي يقدر يكتب هاد لقصة ب تفاصيلها و ينشرها، و ديك الساع كاتكون محمية قانونياً). لقانون د لكوپيرايت كيسري نيشان ب موجراد ماكيتّنشر لعامال، مي التسجيل لقانوني ديالو كيكونو عندو فوائد، بحال لإمكانية باش يدعي لواحد داك لي شافر ليه خدمتو ف لمحكامة، ؤلا تعويضات مالية كبر ف حالة خرق لحقوق. ملي كاتّسالا لمدة لقانونية ديال لكوپيرايت، كيولّي لعامال جزء من لملكية لعامة.

تيفاقية بيرن بدل

على حساب تيفاقية بيرن، لمدة د لكوپيرايت ماخاصهاش تنقص على 50 عام من مور لوفاة د مول لعامال. كاينين ستيتناءَات بحال لفنون التطبيقية (لأعمال لفنية لي كاتكون مديورة ل أهداف تجارية، يعني باش تّباع و تّشرا ف السواق و لحوانت)، لي لمدة لقليلة تاعها تقدر تكون 25 مور لوفاة د مولاها. أغلبية د لبلدان لي سناو لإتفاقية ختارو باش يزيدو لمدة على 50 عام، متلا 70 عام ؤلا كتر.

لمدة د لكوپيرايت على حساب لبلاد بدل

ساروت بدل

  • 0، ماكاينش كوپيرايت
  • ح. + xx عوام = حقوق الطبيع و النشر ف لفترة د لحياة ديال مول لعامال + xx عوام من مور لوفاة ديالو
  • xx عوام مور النشر، لمصاوبة، ؤزؤز. = تحت كوپيرايت  عوام مور النشر د لعامال، لمصاوبة ديالو...
  • تال اللخر د لعام = كيتسالا لكوپيرايت ف 31 دجنبر ديال نفس لعام، من غير يلا كان ستيتناء مدكور
  • Berne = لبلاد سنات إتفاقية بيرن
  • TRIPS = لإتفاقية على الجوانب لمتعلقة ب التجارة ديال حقوق لملكية لفكرية (TRIPS) هي إتفاقية عالمية كاتسيّرها مونضامة التجارة لعالمية و كاتفرض على لأعضاء ديالها مينيموم 50 عام مور لوفاة كا شرط ديال لمسالية د حقوق لملكية.
  • WCT = معاهدة حقوق الطبع و النشر من مونضامة لملكية لفكرية لعالمية، (WIPO Copyright Treaty ؤلا WCT) ، هي معاهدة دولية على قانون لكوپيرايت تماخدات من قيبال الدول لأعضاء ف مونضامة لملكية لفكرية الدولية (WIPO) ف عام 1996.

طابلو بدل

لبلدان، لبلايص ؤلا لمونضّامات مدة د لكوپيرايت على حساب لوفاة د مول لعامال[a] مدة د لكوپيرايت على حساب تاريخ النشر ؤلا لمصاوبة [a] واش تال اللخر د لعام؟
  أفغانستان ح. + 50 عام[1] 50 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous work)[1]


50 years from publication (published after authors' deaths)[1]
50 years from publication (audiovisual works)[1]
50 years from publication (photographic, painting works)[1]
50 years from creation (phonogram)[1]

أه (تقويم أفغاني)[1]
  ألبانيا ح. + 70 عام[2]:Art. 17 70 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous work)[2]:Art. 18


70 years from publication; 70 years from creation if unpublished (photographic or audiovisual work of joint authorship)[3]
25 years from production (works of applied art)[2]:Art. 20

أه[2]:Art. 21
  جزاير ح. + 50 عام (except posthumous work)[4]:Art. 54 50 years from publication; 50 years from creation if unpublished (collective work, anonymous or pseudonymous work, audiovisual work, posthumous work)[4]:Arts. 56–58, 60

50 years from creation (photographs or the work of applied art)[4]:Art. 59

أه[4]:Arts. 54, 56–58, 60
  أنضورا


ح. + 70 عام[b][5]:Art. 18(1), (4) 70 years from publication; 70 years from creation if unpublished (collective work with unknown authorship)[5]:Art. 18(3)

70 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous work)[5]:Art. 18(5)

أه[5]:Art. 18(8)
  أنڭولا ح. + 50 عام[6]


ح. + 25 عام (photographic works or applied arts)[6]

أه[6]
  أنڭويلا ح. + 50 عام[7] 50 years from the death of the author, of the last surviving author for works with more than one author.[7]
موضيل:Country data Antigua and Barbuda ح. + 50 عام[8][9]:s. 10(1) 50 years from publication; 50 years from creation if unpublished (anonymous or pseudonymous work, computer generated work, sound recording or film)[9]:s. 10(2), (4), 11(1)


50 years from creation (broadcast); 50 years after programme included in a cable programme service[9]:s. 12(1)
25 years from publication (typographical arrangement of a published edition)[9]:s. 13

أه[9]:s. 10(1), 10(2), (4), 11(1), 12(1), 13
  Argentina ح. + 70 عام[10]:Art. 5 50 years from publication (anonymous intellectual works belonging to institutions, corporations or legal persons)[10]:Art. 8 Phonograms: 70 years from first publication.[11][12][13][14] Photographs: 20 years from first publication.[15] Cinematographic works: 50 years after death of the last survivor among the producer, the director, the screenplay writer or the composer (for musical comedies).[15] أه[10]:Art. 5
موضيل:Country data Armenia ح. + 70 عام[16]:Art. 37 70 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous works)[16]:Art. 37 أه[16]:Art. 37
  Aruba ح. + 50 عام[17](wikisource)
موضيل:Country data Australia (including external territories) ح. + 70 عام[18]:s. 33


[ح. + 50 عام (death before 1955)][19]

70 years from publication (sound recordings, cinematograph films)[18]:s. 93, 94


50 years after making (television broadcasts and sound broadcasts)[18]:s. 95
25 years from publication (published editions of works)[18]:s. 96
[50 years from publication (photographs, no longer applicable since 1 January 2005)][19]

أه[18]:ss. 93–96[19]
موضيل:Country data Austria ح. + 70 عام[c][20]:§ 60, 62[21] 70 years from publication; 70 years from creation if unpublished (anonymous or pseudonymous work)[20]:§ 61 أه[20]:§ 64
موضيل:Country data Azerbaijan ح. + 70 عام (except posthumous work published at first time during 30 years)[22](Art. 25) 70 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous work; posthumous work published at first time during 30 years)[22](Art. 25, 26) أه[22]:Art. 25, 26
  Bahamas Berne (The Berne Convention states that all works except photographic and cinematographic shall be copyrighted for at least 50 years after the author's death, but parties are free to provide longer terms)
موضيل:Country data Bahrain Life + 50 calendar years (except posthumous work)[23]:Art. 31(1) 50 calendar years from publication (cinematographic films, applied arts works and photographs; anonymous or pseudonymous works; corporate works; posthumous works)[23]:Art. 31(2)(a–d)

40 years from publication or 50 years from completion, whichever is shorter (computer software)[23]:Art. 31(3)

موضيل:Country data Bangladesh ح. + 60 عام or Publication + 60 years[24]:s. 24 60 years from publication (cinematographic films,[24]:s. 26 sound recordings,[24]:s. 27 photographs,[24]:s. 28 computer programmes[24]:s. 28A or works of the Government, local authority or an international organisation[24]:ss. 30–32) أه[24]:s. 24, 26, 27, 28, 28A, ss. 30–32
موضيل:Country data Barbados ح. + 50 عام[25][26]:s. 10(1) 50 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous works)[26]:s. 10(3)


50 years from making (computer-generated work)[26]:s. 10(4)
50 years from publication; 50 years from creation if unpublished (sound recordings and films)[26]:s. 11
50 years from creation (broadcast); 50 years after programme included in a cable programme service[26]:s. 12
25 years from publication (typographical arrangement of a published edition)[26]:s. 13

أه[26]:ss. 10–13
  Belarus ح. + 50 عام[27]:Art. 22(1) 50 years from publication or if unpublished 50 years from creation (anonymous or pseudonymous works)[27]:Art. 22(2)


50 years from fixation (performance)[27]:Art. 38(1)
50 years from publication or if unpublished 50 years from fixation (phonogram)[27]:Art. 38(2)
50 years from the first broadcast or cable transmission[27]:Art. 38(3)

أه[27]:Arts. 22(4), 38(4)
موضيل:Country data Belgium ح. + 70 عام[28] أه[28]
موضيل:Country data Belize ح. + 50 عام[29] 50 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous work)[29]
50 years from publication (sound recording or film)[29]
50 years from publication (computer-generated work)[29] 		أه
موضيل:Country data Benin ح. + 50 عام
  Bermuda ح. + 50 عام[30]
Berne Convention signatories ح. + 50 عام[31]


Signatories may grant longer terms.[32]

50 years from publication or if not shown 50 years from creation (cinematographic works)[33]


50 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous works)[34]
25 years from creation (photographic works)[35]
Signatories may grant longer terms.[32]

أه[36]
موضيل:Country data Bhutan ح. + 50 عام[37]
موضيل:Country data Bolivia ح. + 50 عام[38]
موضيل:Country data Bosnia and Herzegovina ح. + 70 عام[39]
موضيل:Country data Botswana Berne, TRIPS, WCT[40]
موضيل:Country data Brazil ح. + 70 عام(economical rights) Economical rights

Publication+70 years(audiovisual and photograpical works)

Publication+70 years (anonymous and pseudonymous works)

Neighboring rights

Creation+70 years(phonograms,transmission for the broadcasts of broadcasting organization, and public performance in other cases.)

Others

Publication+50 years,if unpublished creation+50 years(computer programs)

أه[41]:arts. 41, 44
  British Indian Ocean Territory ح. + 70 عام
موضيل:Country data British Virgin Islands ح. + 70 عام
موضيل:Country data Brunei ح. + 50 عام[42]
موضيل:Country data Bulgaria ح. + 70 عام (EU)[43]
موضيل:Country data Burkina Faso ح. + 70 عام[44]
موضيل:Country data Burundi ح. + 50 عام

[45]

50 years from publication (phonograms)[45]
موضيل:Country data Cambodia ح. + 50 عام[46]
موضيل:Country data Cameroon ح. + 50 عام[47]
موضيل:Country data Canada ح. + 70 عام (except certain posthumous works)[48][49]


[ح. + 50 عام (death before 1972)]

75 years from publication or 100 years from creation, whichever is shorter (anonymous works). There is no revival of copyright in any work in which the copyright had expired before the coming into force in January 2023 of the extension of the term of copyright from 50 to 70 years.


50 years from publication (certain posthumous works)[50]

أه[50]
موضيل:Country data Cape Verde ح. + 50 عام[3]
موضيل:Country data Cayman Islands مامعروفش
موضيل:Country data Central African Republic Berne, TRIPS
موضيل:Country data Chad Berne, TRIPS
موضيل:Country data Chile ح. + 70 عام[51]
  China (mainland only) ح. + 50 عام (citizens' works)[52]:para. 1 50 years from publication, or if unpublished, 50 years from creation (works of legal entities, cinematographic works, films or photographic works)[52]:paras. 2–3 أه[52]
موضيل:Country data Colombia ح. + 80 عام[53]:Art. 21 80 years from publication (cinematographic works)[53]:Art. 37 أه[53]:Art. 28
موضيل:Country data Comoros Berne
موضيل:Country data Congo, Democratic Republic of the ح. + 50 عام[54]:Art. 74 25 years from publication (photograph works).[54]:Art. 77
50 years from publication (anonymous, pseudonymous or posthumous work)[54]:Art. 75 		أه[54]:Art. 76
موضيل:Country data Congo, Republic of the ح. + 50 عام[55] 25 years from creation (photographic work and work of applied art)[55]:Art. 65
موضيل:Country data Costa Rica ح. + 70 عام[56]
موضيل:Country data Côte d'Ivoire ح. + 70 عام (except posthumous works published within this period)[57]:Art. 45(1) 70 years from publication (photographic or audiovisual works or works of applied art; anonymous or pseudonymous works; posthumous works)[57]:Art. 45(3)(a–c) أه[57]:Art. 45
موضيل:Country data Croatia ح. + 70 عام[58]
موضيل:Country data Cuba ح. + 50 عام
موضيل:Country data Curaçao ح. + 50 عام[59]
موضيل:Country data Cyprus ح. + 70 عام
(EU, WCT)[60]
موضيل:Country data Czech Republic ح. + 70 عام[61]:Art. 27(1) 70 years from publication (anonymous works)[61]:Art. 27(3) أه[61]:Art. 27(7)
موضيل:Country data Denmark ح. + 70 عام[62][d]
موضيل:Country data Djibouti ح. + 50 عام [64]:Art. 12 For a cinematographic work, 50 years from the date when the work was made lawfully accessible to the public with the author's consent.[64]:Art. 15
For a photographic work or work of applied art, 25 years from the production of the work[64]:Art. 16 		أه[64]:Art. 12
موضيل:Country data Dominica ح. + 70 عام[65]
موضيل:Country data Dominican Republic ح. + 70 عام[66]
موضيل:Country data Ecuador ح. + 70 عام[67]
موضيل:Country data Egypt ح. + 50 عام[68]
موضيل:Country data El Salvador ح. + 50 عام[69]
موضيل:Country data Equatorial Guinea ح. + 80 عام.[70][71] However, there are additional expiration rules in Article 38 of the Main Equatorial Guinea Intellectual Property Law which may affect this.
موضيل:Country data Eritrea ح. + 0 عام but at least 50 years since publication, whichever is longer (except posthumous works)[72]:Art. 1653, 1670 50 years since publication (posthumous works)[72]:Art. 1672
موضيل:Country data Estonia ح. + 70 عام (EU)[73]:§ 38(1) 70 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous works)[73]:§ 40 أه[73]:§ 43
موضيل:Country data Ethiopia ح. + 50 عام[74]
أعضاء   European Union ح. + 70 عام[75]:Art. 1 (1) Anonymous or pseudonymous works only: "70 years after the work is lawfully made available to the public" (Art.1(3)). Protection ends if the work is not made available within 70 years from creation. (Art.1(6)).[75]:Art. 1 (3), (6) أه[75]:Art. 8 (1)
موضيل:Country data Fiji ح. + 50 عام[76]
موضيل:Country data Finland ح. + 70 عام[77] 50 years from publication (sound recordings, television broadcasts and sound broadcasts)[78]:Arts. 46, 48

50 years from creation (photographic works)[78]:Art. 49a

أه[78]:Art. 43
موضيل:Country data France ح. + 70 عام (except posthumous works published after this term)[e][79]:Arts. L123-1, L123-2

The following additions to copyright term formerly applied to all works, but the French Cour de Cassation has found them to be superseded by later copyright treaties, thus limiting the copyright term to ح. + 70 عام total, at least for non-musical works of authors who did not "die for France".[80]

+ 6 years 152 days for musical work published through 1920[79]:Art. L123-8
+ 8 years and 120 days for musical work published through 1947[79]:Art. L123-9
+ 30 years for all works if the author died on active service[79]:Art. L123-10

70 years from publication (pseudonymous, anonymous or collective works)[79]:Art. L123-3

25 years from publication (posthumous works published after Art. L123-1 term)[79]:L123-4

أه[79]:Arts. L123-1, L123-3, L123-4,
but not Arts. L123-8 or L123-9
موضيل:Country data Gabon Berne, TRIPS, WCT
موضيل:Country data Gambia ح. + 50 عام[81]
  Georgia ح. + 70 عام[82]
موضيل:Country data Germany ح. + 70 عام[83] 25 years from first publication or first public performance if copyright has expired before such publication or performance, or if the work has never been protected in Germany and the author died more than 70 years before the first publication[84] أه[85]
موضيل:Country data Ghana ح. + 70 عام[86]
موضيل:Country data Greece ح. + 70 عام[f][87]:Arts. 29, 31(3) 70 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous works)[87]:Art. 31(1) أه[87]:Arts. 29, 31
موضيل:Country data Grenada Berne, TRIPS[88]
موضيل:Country data Guatemala ح. + 75 عام[89]:Art. 43 75 years from publication or if unpublished 75 years from creation (computer programs and collective works; anonymous or pseudonymous works; audiovisual works)[89]:Arts. 44, 45, 47 أه[89]:Art. 48
موضيل:Country data Guinea TRIPS, WCT
موضيل:Country data Guinea-Bissau Berne, TRIPS
موضيل:Country data Guyana ح. + 50 عام[90]
  Haiti Berne, TRIPS[91]
موضيل:Country data Honduras ح. + 75 عام[92] 70 years from publication or, if unpublished within 50 years, 70 years from creation (works of applied art and photographs)[93] أه[93]
  Hong Kong[g] ح. + 50 عام (literary, dramatic, musical or artistic works with known authorship)[94]:s. 17(2)


ح. + 50 عام (films)[94]:s. 19[h]

50 years from publication or if unpublished 50 years from creation (literary, dramatic, musical or artistic works with unknown authorship)[94]:s. 17(3)


50 years from publication or if unpublished 50 years from creation (sound recordings)[95]:s. 18
50 years from creation (broadcast); 50 years after programme included in a cable programme service[95]:s. 20
25 years from publication (typographical arrangement of published editions)[95]:s. 21

أه[95]:s. 17, 18, 20, 21
  Hungary ح. + 70 عام[96]:s. 31(1)(2)


If there are multiple authors, life of last surviving author + 70 years[96]:s. 31(4)

70 years and shall be counted from the first day of the year following the first disclosure of the work in case the person of the author is unknown. However, should the author become known during this period of time, the term of protection shall be counted from the first day of the year following the death of the author.[96]:s. 31(3)

70 years counted from the first day of the year following the first disclosure of a collective work or a cinematographic creation.[96]:s. 31(5)(6)
25 years from the first day of the year following the first disclosure if copyright protection of a scope consistent with the author's economic rights shall be due to the person who, following the expiration of the term of protection or the period of time determined in the term of protection shall be counted from a date other than the first day of the year following the death of the author, the author dying last, or the joint author, discloses according to the law a work previously not disclosed to the public.[96]:s. 31(7), 32
As an exception expressions of folklore themselves do not, however, enjoy copyright protection in Hungary.[96]:s. 1(7)

أه[96]:s. 31(2)
موضيل:Country data Iceland ح. + 70 عام[97]
موضيل:Country data India[98] ح. + 60 عام (except posthumous works)[i][99]:s. 22 60 years from publication (posthumous works, photographs, cinematograph films, sound recordings, works of public undertakings, and works of international organisations)[99]:ss. 24–27, 28A, 29 أه[99]:ss. 22, 24–27, 28A, 29
موضيل:Country data Indonesia ح. + 70 عام[100] 70 years from the author's death for books, musics, etc.
50 years after publication for cinematography, photograph, etc.[100]
موضيل:Country data Iran ح. + 50 عام[101] 30 years from publication (photographic or cinematographic works)[102]
موضيل:Country data Iraq ح. + 50 عام[103] 5 years from publication (photographic works)[104]
موضيل:Country data Ireland ح. + 70 عام[105] أه
موضيل:Country data Israel ح. + 70 عام[106] 50 years from publication (photographs created until May 2007)[107] أه[108]
  Italy ح. + 70 عام
[ح. + 50 عام][109]:Art. 25 		70 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous work)[109]:Art. 27

20 years from publication (copyright of State, the provinces, the communes, the academies or public cultural organizations, or to private legal entities of a non-profit making character)

أه[109]:s. 25, s. 32ter
موضيل:Country data Jamaica[110] ح. + 95 عام
(for authors that died in 1962 or later)[111]

ح. + 50 عام (for authors that died before 1962) [112]

:s. 10(1)

95 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous work, work for hire)[112]:s. 10(2), s. 13A


95 years from creation (computer-generated work, broadcast, cable programme)[112]:s. 10(4), 12(1)
95 years from publication or if unpublished 95 years from creation (sound recording or film)[112]:s. 11
50 years from publication (typographical arrangement of a published edition)[112]:s. 13

أه[112]:s. 10, 11, 12, 13
موضيل:Country data Japan ح. + 70 عام[113][114]:Art. 51(2) 70 years from publication, or if unpublished, 70 years from creation (cinematographic works)[114]:Art. 54(1)

70 years from publication, or if unpublished, 70 years from creation (works of a legal person or other corporate body)[115][114]:Art. 53(1)

أه[114]:Art. 57
موضيل:Country data Jordan ح. + 50 عام[116]
موضيل:Country data Kazakhstan ح. + 50 عام[117]
  Kenya ح. + 50 عام (literary, musical or artistic work other than photographs)[118]:s. 23(2)1 50 years from the latest of creation or publication (audio-visual works and photographs)[118]:s. 23(2) أه[118]:s. 23
موضيل:Country data Kiribati ح. + 50 عام[81]
  Kosovo ح. + 70 عام[119] أه
موضيل:Country data North Korea ح. + 50 عام[120] Works authored by "an institution, enterprise or organization", 50 years from publication[120]
موضيل:Country data South Korea ح. + 70 عام (amended on 2011-06-30)[121]:Art. 39 70 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous work)[121]:Art. 40

70 years from publication, or if unpublished within 50 years, 70 years from creation (works made for hire, cinematographic works)[121]:Art. 41

أه[121]:Art. 44
موضيل:Country data Kuwait TRIPS[122]
موضيل:Country data Kyrgyzstan ح. + 50 عام[123]
موضيل:Country data Laos ح. + 50 عام[j] 50 years after making available. Also:
• Anonymous/pseudonymous work: 50 years from the date the work was made available to the public;
• Cinematographic work: 50 years from making available, failing that, 50 years from making;
• Applied art: 25 years from date of creation.

Related: Performances, phonograms, broadcasts: 50 years since the date of performance, fixation, and broadcast, respectively.

موضيل:Country data Latvia ح. + 70 عام[126]:Art. 36
[ح. + 50 عام][127] 		70 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous work)[128] أه[126]:Art. 38
موضيل:Country data Lebanon ح. + 50 عام[129] 50 years after lawful publication; failing publication, 50 years after work completion. Also:
• economic rights: 50 years from performance.
• moral rights: perpetual
• broadcasters' rights: 20 years after first broadcasting.[130]
موضيل:Country data Lesotho ح. + 50 عام[81]
موضيل:Country data Liberia ح. + 50 عام[131]
موضيل:Country data Libya ح. + 25 عام with 50-year minimum (as of 1968; may have changed since)
موضيل:Country data Liechtenstein ح. + 70 عام
[ح. + 50 عام][132]
موضيل:Country data Lithuania ح. + 70 عام
[ح. + 50 عام][133]
موضيل:Country data Luxembourg ح. + 70 عام
[ح. + 50 عام][134]
  Macau[g] ح. + 50 عام[135]:Art. 21(1) 50 years from publication (anonymous works)[135]:Art. 23


50 years from publication (audiovisual works)[135]:Art. 106
25 years from completion (works of applied art)[135]:Art. 148

أه[135]:Art. 21(3)
موضيل:Country data Madagascar ح. + 70 عام[136]
موضيل:Country data Malawi ح. + 50 عام[137]
موضيل:Country data Malaysia[138] ح. + 50 عام (literary, musical and artistic works, not posthumous)[139]:s. 17(1) 50 years after publication (posthumous work, published edition, film, live performance)[139]:s. 17(2), s. 18, s. 22, s. 23A

50 years after publication or if unpublished 50 years from creation (anonymous, pseudonymous work, sound recording, broadcast, film)[139]:s. 17(3), s. 19
50 years after being made (broadcast)[139]:s. 20

أه[139]:s. 17(2), (3), s. 18, s. 19, s. 20, s. 22, s. 23A
موضيل:Country data Maldives ح. + 50 عام[140]
موضيل:Country data Mali ح. + 50 عام[141]
موضيل:Country data Malta ح. + 70 عام[142] أه[142]
موضيل:Country data Marshall Islands 0, no copyright.[k][143][144] At this stage the Republic of Marshall Islands is not member to any international convention [or treaty] on copyright[145] Instead applies a non-copyright-based protection regime. 0, no copyright.[k] Instead applies a non-copyright-based protection regime.
موضيل:Country data Mauritania Berne, TRIPS
موضيل:Country data Mauritius ح. + 50 عام[146]
موضيل:Country data Mexico ح. + 100 عام (effective 23 July 2003 non-retroactively)[147]


[ح. + 75 عام (before the law change on 23 July 2003, applicable for deaths before 23 July 1928)][148]
[ح. + 50 عام (before the law change on 1 January 1994, applicable for deaths before 1 January 1944)][149]

  • 75 years from the first fixation of the recording or the first performance/recording of the performance, respectively.
  • 50 years from first publication of the book, the first fixation of the recording, or the first broadcast.
 أه (Gregorian calendar)
موضيل:Country data Micronesia ح. + 50 عام[150]
موضيل:Country data Moldova ح. + 70 عام[151]
موضيل:Country data Monaco ح. + 50 عام[152]
موضيل:Country data Mongolia ح. + 50 عام[153]
موضيل:Country data Montenegro[l] ح. + 70 عام[154]
  Morocco ح. + 50 عام[155] 70 years after a work's lawful publication; if no lawful publication has taken place within 50 years of the making, copyright lasts for 70 years after the work's communication to the public; if no lawful communication to the public has taken place within 50 years of the making, copyright lasts for 70 years after the work is made; and

moral rights last perpetually.

70 years for Performers' rights, if no lawful publication has taken place within 50 years of the performance, copyright lasts for 70 years after the work's first performance.

70 years for Broadcasters' rights: if no lawful publication has taken place within 50 years of the work's creation, copyright lasts for 70 years after the work's creation.[156]

موضيل:Country data Mozambique ح. + 70 عام[157]
موضيل:Country data Myanmar TRIPS
موضيل:Country data Namibia ح. + 50 عام (except posthumous works)[158]:s. 3(2)(a) 50 years from publication (posthumous works)[158]:s. 3(2)(a)

50 years from publication or if unpublished 50 years from creation (cinematograph films, photographs and computer programs)[158]:s. 3(2)(b)

أه[158]:s. 3
موضيل:Country data Nauru ح. + 50 عام[159][160]:s. 2(3), s. 3(4) 50 years after publication (sound recordings,[159][160]:s. 12(3) cinematograph films[159][160]:s. 13(3)(b) (except for newsreels, or if registered under the Cinematograph Films Act 1938),[159][160]:Second television and sound broadcasts,[159][160]:s. 14(2) photographs,[159][160]:s. 3(4)(b) engravings,[159][160]:s. 3(4)(a) posthumous literary, dramatic and musical works[159][160]:s. 2(3) and anonymous literary, dramatic and musical works)[159][160]:Second Schedule

25 years after publication (published editions of literary, dramatic or musical works)[159][160]:s. 15(2)
50 years after occurrence of event (newsreels)[159][160]:s. 13(8)
50 years after death of last author to die (works of joint authorship)[159][160]:Third Schedule

أه[159][160]
موضيل:Country data Nepal ح. + 50 عام 25 years from creation (applied art and photographic work)[161]
موضيل:Country data Netherlands ح. + 70 عام[162] 70 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous work, corporate works with no listed natural author)[163]

25 years from publication (works first published more than 70 years after the death of the author)[164]

أه[165]
موضيل:Country data Caribbean Netherlands ح. + 50 عام[166]
موضيل:Country data New Zealand ح. + 50 عام (literary, dramatic, musical, or artistic work)[167]:s. 22(1) 50 years from creation (computer-generated work)[167]:s. 22(2) أه[167]:s. 22
موضيل:Country data Nicaragua ح. + 70 عام[168]
موضيل:Country data Niger ح. + 50 عام[169]
موضيل:Country data Nigeria ح. + 70 عام (literary, musical or artistic works other than photographs)[170] 70 years from publication (literary, musical or non-photograph artistic works in the case of government or a body corporate)


50 years from publication (cinematograph films and photographs)
50 years from publication (sound recordings)
50 years from publication (broadcasts)[170]

أه[170]
  North Macedonia ح. + 70 عام[171]
موضيل:Country data Norway ح. + 70 عام


Life + 15 years, but no less than 50 years after publication ("«simple» photographs")[172][173]

70 years following the year of death of the author (i.e. an author that died in 1950 will have their works protected until 1 January 2021). In a collective or joint work, this is counted from the death of the longest surviving author. For a motion picture, the following are to be considered authors: main director, scriptwriter, dialogue author, and composer of original musical score.

70 years for anonymous works from the year when the work was created. If such an unpublished work, whose copyright has expired, is then later published, the publisher is entitled for a copyright for 25 years from the year of publication[172]

One exception from the rule is works that are already in public domain in their country of origin who are members of the Berne Union and/or WTO. These will enter public domain in Norway once they enter public domain in the country of their origin even if less than 70 years have passed since the creators' death.[174]

"Norway also has some peculiar laws that protect «simple» photographs. I.e. photographs, such as snapshots, that are below the threshold of originality to merit copyright protection are given neighbouring rights protection. [..] The Norwegian copyright act does not address public domain directly. The Norwegian copyright law defines two basic rights for authors: economic rights and moral rights. [..] For material that is outside the scope of copyright, the phrase «i det fri» («in the free») is used. This corresponds roughly to the term «public domain» in English. Norwegian copyright law makes a distinction between copyright and neighbouring rights. Only creative and artistic works are subject to copyright. Some other types of works are protected by so-called neighbouring rights."[172]

أه[173]
موضيل:Country data Oman ح. + 70 عام[175] 90 years from the year following the publication

120 years from the year following the completion[176]

أه
موضيل:Country data Pakistan ح. + 50 عام[177] أه[177]
موضيل:Country data Palau ح. + 50 عام[178]
موضيل:Country data Panama ح. + 70 عام[179] أه
موضيل:Country data Papua New Guinea ح. + 50 عام[180]
موضيل:Country data Paraguay ح. + 70 عام[181]
موضيل:Country data Peru ح. + 70 عام[182]
موضيل:Country data Philippines ح. + 50 عام[183]:s. 213.1 50 years from publication (photographic works), or 50 years from creation if unpublished within 50 years of creation[183]:s. 213.5 أه[183]:s. 214
موضيل:Country data Poland ح. + 70 عام[184]
موضيل:Country data Portugal ح. + 70 عام
[ح. + 50 عام][185]
موضيل:Country data Qatar ح. + 50 عام[186]
  Romania ح. + 70 عام[187]
  Russia ح. + 70 عام[188]

Life + 74 years (for those who fought in or worked during the war of 1941–45)

Date of rehabilitation + 70 (74) years (for unlawfully prosecuted and posthumously rehabilitated)

Protection applies if copyright term of ح. + 50 عام (or Life + 54 years) did not expire by 1 January 1993.[189]

50 years from publication (radio and television broadcasts)[190]

50 years from creation if unpublished, or 50 years from publication (sound records)[191]

70 years from publication (anonymous works)[188]

70 years from publication if published within 70 years from death (posthumous publication)

70 years from publication if published before 3 August 1993 by a corporation (cinematographic, television, radio works, print periodicals and compilations).[189] Protection term applies to "the whole work" only, i.e. individual authors of each protectable part of the whole work retain their own copyright[192]

All works published prior to October Revolution (7 November 1917) are believed to be uncopyrighted.

موضيل:Country data Rwanda Berne, TRIPS
موضيل:Country data Saint Helena ح. + 50 عام
موضيل:Country data St. Kitts and Nevis ح. + 50 عام[81]
موضيل:Country data St. Lucia ح. + 50 عام[193]
موضيل:Country data St. Vincent and the Grenadines ح. + 75 عام (literary, dramatic, musical or artistic work)[194] 75 years from publication or if unpublished 50 years from creation (sound recording or film)[194]:s. 9(1)


50 years from creation (computer-generated work)[194]:s. 8(4)
50 years from creation (broadcast); 50 years after programme included in a cable programme service[194]:s. 10(1)

أه[194]:ss. 8–10
موضيل:Country data Samoa ح. + 75 عام[195]
موضيل:Country data San Marino ح. + 50 عام[196]
موضيل:Country data São Tomé and Príncipe ح. + 70 عام[197]
موضيل:Country data Saudi Arabia ح. + 50 عام[198] The period of copyright for the author of a work shall be for the duration of his life and for a period of fifty years following his death.[199]
موضيل:Country data Senegal ح. + 70 عام[200]
موضيل:Country data Serbia[m] ح. + 70 عام[154]
موضيل:Country data Seychelles ح. + 50 عام[201] 50 years from publication (audio-visual works)[201]:s. 9(1)(ii), (v)

25 years from creation (applied art)[201]:s. 9(1)(iv)

أه[201]:s. 9(1)
موضيل:Country data Sierra Leone ح. + 50 عام[202]:s. 21 50 years from publication (photograph, film, or broadcast)[202]:s. 25

50 years from creation (sound recording)[202]:s. 23

موضيل:Country data Singapore[203] ح. + 70 عام (except posthumous work)[204][205]:s. 28(2) 70 years from publication (posthumous work, photograph)[205]:s. 28(3), (6)


70 years from publication (sound recordings and cinematograph films)[205]:s. 92, 93
50 years after making (television broadcasts, sound broadcasts, cable programmes)[205]:s. 94, 95
25 years from publication (published editions of works)[205]:s. 96

أه[205]:ss. 28, 92–96
موضيل:Country data Sint Maarten ح. + 50 عام[59]
موضيل:Country data Slovakia ح. + 70 عام[206]
موضيل:Country data Slovenia ح. + 70 عام[207]
موضيل:Country data Solomon Islands ح. + 50 عام[208]
موضيل:Country data Somalia Very unclear. See the discussion at Commons.
موضيل:Country data South Africa ح. + 50 عام (literary or musical works or artistic works, other than photographs)[209]:s. 3(2)(a) 50 years from publication or if unpublished 50 years from creation (cinematography films, photographs, computer programs)[209]:s. 3(2)(b)

50 years from publication (sound recordings; broadcasts; programme-carrying signals; and published editions)[209]:s. 3(2)(c)

أه[209]:s. 3
موضيل:Country data Spain ح. + 70 عام (for authors that died on or after December 7,1987)


ح. + 80 عام (for authors that died before December 7, 1987)

[210]

أه[210]:Art. 30
موضيل:Country data Sri Lanka ح. + 70 عام[211] 70 years from publication or if unpublished 50 years from completion (audiovisual work)[211]
25 years from publication (applied art)[211] 		أه[211]
موضيل:Country data Sudan ح. + 50 عام[212]:s. 13(2) 25 years from publication (photographic pictures and cinematographic films and other audiovisual works; works published under unknown pseudonym or anonymously)[212]:s. 13(3)(a), (c)
موضيل:Country data Suriname ح. + 50 عام[213] 50 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous work) (art. 39) أه
موضيل:Country data Swaziland ح. + 50 عام[214]
موضيل:Country data Sweden ح. + 70 عام[215] أه[215]
موضيل:Country data Switzerland ح. + 70 عام effective 1 July 1993 non-retroactively, but ح. + 50 عام for computer programs[216]


[ح. + 50 عام (before the law change on 1 July 1993, applicable for deaths through 1942)][217]

50 years after performance (performers' rights)[218]:Art. 39 أه[218]:Art. 32
  Syria ح. + 50 عام[219]:Art. 22 10 years from production (photographic, fine arts or plastic arts)[219]:Art. 25
  Taiwan ح. + 50 عام (except posthumous works first published 40 to 50 years after death)[220]:Art. 30 50 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous work)[220]:Art. 32


50 years from publication; 50 years from creation if unpublished (corporate works; photographic works, audiovisual works, sound recordings, and performances)[220]:Arts. 33, 34
10 years from publication (posthumous works first published 40 to 50 years after death)[220]:Art. 30

أه[220]:Art. 35
موضيل:Country data Tajikistan Berne
موضيل:Country data Tanzania ح. + 50 عام[221]
موضيل:Country data Thailand ح. + 50 عام[222] 50 years from publication or 50 years from creation if not published within 50 years from creation
موضيل:Country data Timor Leste ح. + 50 عام[223]
موضيل:Country data Togo ح. + 50 عام[224]
موضيل:Country data Tonga ح. + 50 عام[225]
موضيل:Country data Trinidad and Tobago ح. + 50 عام[226]
موضيل:Country data Tunisia ح. + 50 عام[227]
  • Authors' rights :
    • economic rights: reproduction right; right of adaptation and translation; public performance right; broadcasting right; right of communication to the public by cable or satellite or any other means; right of communication of a broadcast work in a public place.
    • moral rights: right to claim authorship; right to object modification; right of disclosure; right of withdrawal.
  • Performers' rights: The law contains no provisions regarding performers.
  • Broadcasters' rights: The law contains no provisions regarding broadcasters.[228]
موضيل:Country data Turkey ح. + 70 عام[229] 70 years from publication for work-for-hire
موضيل:Country data Turkmenistan ح. + 50 عام[230]
موضيل:Country data Tuvalu ح. + 50 عام[81]
موضيل:Country data Uganda ح. + 50 عام[231] 50 years from publication (corporate works, anonymous works, and computer programs)[231]
  Ukraine ح. + 70 عام
[ح. + 50 عام (1994–2001)][232] 		70 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous work)
70 years from publication (published within 30 years from authors' deaths)[232] 		أه[232]
موضيل:Country data United Arab Emirates ح. + 50 عام[233]
موضيل:Country data United Kingdom ح. + 70 عام

If there are multiple authors, life of last surviving author + 70 years[234]:s. 12

For films, ح. + 70 عام for the last to die of: principal director, author of screenplay, author of dialogue, or composer of music specifically created for and used in the film.[234]:s. 13B

70 years if the author is unknown

70 years after release; if not released, 70 years after making (sound recordings).[235] Recordings which entered the public domain prior to 1 January 2013 are not retroactively covered.

50 years from end of calendar year when the broadcast was first made (broadcasts)[234]:s. 14

أه[234]:s. 12, 13
موضيل:Country data United States[236] ح. + 70 عام (works published since 1978 or unpublished works)[237] 95 years from publication or 120 years from creation, whichever is shorter (anonymous works, pseudonymous works, or works made for hire, published since 1978)[238]

95 years from publication for works published 1964–1977; 28 (if copyright not renewed) or 95 years from publication for works published 1929–1963 (copyrights prior to 1929 have expired, not including copyrights on sound recordings fixed prior to 15 February 1972, covered only under state laws.)[239]

أه[240]
Universal Copyright Convention minimum terms ح. + 25 عام (general works)[241] 25 years from publication (specific works not based on authors' deaths)[241]

10 years (photographic works or to works of applied art)[242]

موضيل:Country data Uruguay ح. + 70 عام[243] 70 years after the work is made available (anonymous and pseudonymous works)[244]

70 years from publication (collective works)[244]

أه[244]
موضيل:Country data Uzbekistan ح. + 70 عام[245]
موضيل:Country data Vanuatu ح. + 50 عام[246] 25 years after the work is made (works of applied art)[246]

50 years after the latest of: the date the work is made, the date the work is made available to the public or the date of first publication (works published anonymously or under a pseudonym, collective works and audiovisual works)[246]
50 years after the death of the last author to die (works of joint authorship)[246]

أه[246]
موضيل:Country data Vatican City ح. + 70 عام[247]
موضيل:Country data Venezuela ح. + 60 عام[248]:Art. 25 60 years from publication; 60 years from creation if unpublished (an audiovisual work, a broadcast work or a computer program)[248]:Art. 37

60 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous work)[248]:Art. 27

أه[248]:Arts. 25–27
موضيل:Country data Vietnam Berne
موضيل:Country data Yemen ح. + 30 عام 10 years from the date of issue from 1 January of the year of issue for photographs;

25 years from the date of production from 1 January of the production year for motion picture or television film.[249]

After expiry of copyright, the work "may be announced to be the ownership of the State" (emphasis added).[249]

موضيل:Country data Zambia ح. + 50 عام[250]
موضيل:Country data Zimbabwe ح. + 50 عام[251][252]:s. 5(3), 6(3)(a) 50 years from publication (photographs)[252]:s. 6(3)(b)


50 years from creation (Sound recordings)[252]:s. 16(2)
50 years from publication (cinematograph films, broadcasts)[252]:s. 17(2), s. 18(2)

أه[252]:s. 6, 16–18

نوطات بدل

  1. ^ a b الشروط د لحماية د لكوپيرايت تخادو من بزاف د لمصادر، بحال WIPO، ليونيسكو و جامعة پينسيلڤينيا (شوف لمزاود). يلا ماكانو تا معلومات باينة على لحالة د لكوپيرايت ف شي بلاد، يقدر لواحد يستنتج لمينيموم د لمدة من كونها:
    • سنات إتفاقية بيرن؛ لحياة + مينيموم 50 عام من غير ب النسبة ل التصاور.
    • عضو ف WTO ("TRIPS")؛ لحياة + مينيموم 50 عام.
    • مرشّحة باش تنضم ل لإتحاد لؤروپي؛ لحياة + مينيموم 70 عام.
  2. ^ An audiovisual work is copyrighted in Andorra for the same term, computed from the last of the following persons to survive: the principal director, the author of the scenario, the author of the dialogue and the composer of music specifically created for the audiovisual work.
  3. ^ A cinematographic work is copyrighted in Austria for the same term, computed from the last surviving person among the following: the principal director of the film and the authors of the screenplay, the dialogues and the musical work specially created for the cinematographic work.
  4. ^ Examples of protected works are literature, music, theatre, film, the visual arts – including photography, architecture, decorative arts – and computer programmes. It is the expression of the work which is protected – that is to say, the work's singular design or presentation. Copyright applies from the moment of creation of the work. Thus, protection does not depend on any kind of registration.[63]
  5. ^ An audiovisual work is copyrighted in France for the same term, computed from the last surviving person among the following: the author of the scenario, the author of the dialogue, the author of the musical compositions, with or without words, specially composed for the work and the main director.
  6. ^ An audiovisual work is copyrighted in Greece for the same term, computed from the last of the following persons to survive: the principal director, the author of the screenplay, the author of the dialogue and the composer of the music specifically created for use in the audiovisual work.
  7. ^ a b The Special Administrative Regions of Hong Kong and Macau have their own status, distinct from that of the rest of China, under international copyright and trade law
  8. ^ Computed from the last of the following persons with known identity to survive: (a) the principal director; (b) the author of the screenplay; (c) the author of the dialogue; or (d) the composer of music specially created for and used in the film.
  9. ^ Literary, dramatic, musical, and non-photograph artistic works.
  10. ^ The law entered into force 16 January 2012.[124][125]
  11. ^ a b Unauthorized sale or commercial use of sound & audio-visual recordings is prohibited (Unauthorized Copies of Recorded Materials Act, 1991).
  12. ^ Montenegro is assumed to have succeeded to the copyright obligations of Serbia and Montenegro. See Serbia also.
  13. ^ Serbia is deemed to be a successor state of Serbia and Montenegro, which itself was a successor state to Yugoslavia for international copyright treaties, notably the Berne Convention, effective 17 June 1930

عيون لكلام بدل

  1. ^ a b c d e f g "Copyright law of Afghanistan-22/07/2008" (PDF). مأرشيڤي (PDF) من لأصل ف 26 April 2012. تطّالع عليه ب تاريخ 7 March 2012.
  2. ^ a b c d "Law No. 7564, dated April 19, 1992, on Copyright". 1 May 2008. مأرشيڤي من لأصل ف 30 October 2007. تطّالع عليه ب تاريخ 1 February 2017.
  3. ^ a b Art. 19, Lei no. 101/III/90 de 29 de dezembro de 1990[ليان مهرس ديما]
  4. ^ a b c d "DZ001: Droits d'auteur, Ordonnance, 19/07/2003 – 1424, n° 03-05". 1 May 2008. مأرشيڤي من لأصل ف 1 May 2008. تطّالع عليه ب تاريخ 1 February 2017.
  5. ^ a b c d "Law on Copyright and Related Rights of 1999" (PDF). مأرشيڤي من لأصل (PDF) ف 8 January 2016. تطّالع عليه ب تاريخ 8 January 2016.
  6. ^ a b c Art. 20(1), Copyright Law n° 4/90, March 1990 (PDF).
  7. ^ a b "IP laws revised – Anguilla". Iprfirm.com. مأرشيڤي من لأصل ف 3 March 2012. تطّالع عليه ب تاريخ 8 June 2012.
  8. ^ Literary, dramatic, musical or copyright artistic work.
  9. ^ a b c d e "Copyright Act, 2002" (PDF). مأرشيڤي من لأصل (PDF) ف 17 February 2016. تطّالع عليه ب تاريخ 17 February 2016.
  10. ^ a b c "Copyright, Law (Consolidation), 28/09/1933 (14/10/1998), No. 11.723 (No. 25.036)". 21 February 2005. مأرشيڤي من لأصل ف 21 February 2005. تطّالع عليه ب تاريخ 1 February 2017.
  11. ^ "Amplían a 70 años los derechos de propiedad de los intérpretes" (ب صبليونية). Clarín.com. 14 December 2009. مأرشيڤي من لأصل ف 15 October 2014. تطّالع عليه ب تاريخ 10 October 2014.
  12. ^ Facundo García (25 November 2009). "¿Setenta años no es nada?" (ب صبليونية). Página/12. مأرشيڤي من لأصل ف 17 October 2014. تطّالع عليه ب تاريخ 10 October 2014.
  13. ^ "Veinte Años Robados al Pueblo" (ب صبليونية). Derecho a leer. 19 November 2009. مأرشيڤي من لأصل ف 15 October 2014. تطّالع عليه ب تاريخ 10 October 2014.
  14. ^ "Se extendió de 50 a 70 años la propiedad intelectual de los fonogramas e intérpretes" (ب صبليونية). eLeVe. 15 December 2009. مأرشيڤي من لأصل ف 23 October 2014. تطّالع عليه ب تاريخ 10 October 2014.
  15. ^ a b Art. 34 Ley 11.723 del 28 de septiembre de 1933, as modified by Ley 24.870 del 11 de septiembre de 1997, as amended by Law 25006 B.O. 13 August 1998.
  16. ^ a b c LLC، Helix Consulting. "Legislation – Intellectual Property Agency". مأرشيڤي من لأصل ف 18 April 2016. تطّالع عليه ب تاريخ 1 February 2017.
  17. ^ "What is Copyright?". Aruba Bureau of Intellectual Property. تطّالع عليه ب تاريخ July 7, 2022.
  18. ^ a b c d e Copyright Act 1968 مؤرشف 25 نونبر 2016 فموقع وايباك ماشين (Australia)
  19. ^ a b c Information Sheets G023 (Duration), Australian Copyright Council مؤرشف 30 أكتوبر 2007 فموقع وايباك ماشين
  20. ^ a b c "Copyright, Law (Consolidation), 09/04/1936 (1998), No. 111 (No. 25)". مأرشيڤي من لأصل ف 30 November 2004.
  21. ^ § 1(2), Urheberrechtsgesetznovelle 1972 (Nr. 492, 16 December 1972)
  22. ^ a b c "Law on Copyright and Related Rights of 5 June 1996, as last amended 30 April 2013" (PDF). تطّالع عليه ب تاريخ 8 January 2022.
  23. ^ a b c "Copyright, Decree, 07/06/1993 - 1413, No. 10". مأرشيڤي من لأصل ف 12 November 2004.
  24. ^ a b c d e f g "Copy Right Act, 2000" (PDF). مأرشيڤي (PDF) من لأصل ف 5 August 2019. تطّالع عليه ب تاريخ 31 May 2019.
  25. ^ Literary, dramatic, musical or artistic work.
  26. ^ a b c d e f g "Copyright, Act, 05/03/1998, No. 4". مأرشيڤي من لأصل ف 5 August 2012.
  27. ^ a b c d e f "Law of the Republic of Belarus on Copyright and Related Rights". مأرشيڤي من لأصل ف 21 March 2005.
  28. ^ a b "Code de droit économique". Justel. مأرشيڤي من لأصل ف 31 January 2020. تطّالع عليه ب تاريخ 24 September 2020.
  29. ^ a b c d s. 10, Copyright Act Ch. 252 مؤرشف 12 غشت 2014 فموقع وايباك ماشين
  30. ^ How long does copyright last? مؤرشف 29 يوليوز 2013 فموقع وايباك ماشين from Bermuda Government website.
  31. ^ Art. 7, Berne Convention(1)
  32. ^ a b Art. 7(6), Berne Convention(1)
  33. ^ Art. 7(2), Berne Convention(1)
  34. ^ Art. 7(3), Berne Convention(1)
  35. ^ Art. 7(4), Berne Convention(1)
  36. ^ Art. 7(5), Berne Convention(1)
  37. ^ s. 18, Copyright Act of the Kingdom of Bhutan, 2001
  38. ^ Art. 18, Ley No 1322 de 13 de abril de 1992
  39. ^ Art. 84, Law on Copyright and Related Rights (7/02)
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  213. ^ SASUR -Wet auteursrecht art. 38 مؤرشف 10 مارس 2016 فموقع وايباك ماشين|date=January
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  222. ^ s. 19, Copyright Act, B.E. 2537 (1994)
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